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Boron nitride
The first application of hexagonal Boron Nitride, or hBN, was as a lubricant for high temperatures. The structure and properties of hBN are similar to those of graphite. Because it is white and has a similar appearance, it is known as white graphite.The hexagonal structure of boron is amorphous, but there are also graphite-like variants. Other crystal forms of Boron Nitride exist, in addition to hexagonal boronnitride. These include: rhombohedral, cubic, and wurtzite boronnitride. There are even two-dimensional boron crystals, similar to graphene.
Wentorf created cubic BN first in 1957. Pure hexagonal boron nitride can be directly converted into cubic boron nitride when the temperature is near or above 1700degC, and the pressure is between 11-12 GPa. The use of a catalyst can reduce both the transition pressure and temperature. The most common catalysts include alkali metals and alkaline nitrides. Ammonium borate is the least expensive catalyst, but also requires the lowest pressure and temperature. At 1500, the required pressure is 6GPa and the temperature range 600700. Although the addition of catalysts can significantly reduce the temperature and pressure required for the transition, they are still quite high. The preparation equipment for this catalyst is complex and expensive, and the industrial applications are limited.
Several methods of preparation for Boron Nitride
1.Chemical vapor synthesis
Sokolowski was the first to use pulsed-plasma technology in 1979 for the preparation of cubic boron (CBN), at low temperature, and under low pressure. Equipment is easy to use and the process simple, so this technology has been rapidly developed. There are many vapor deposition techniques. In the past, it was mainly thermal chemical vapour deposition. The experimental device generally consists of heat-resistant quartz tubes and heating devices. The substrate may be heated using a heating furnace or by high-frequency electromagnetic induction (cold-wall PVD). The reaction gases decompose on the surface the substrate at high temperatures, while a chemical reactions occurs to deposit film. The reaction is a gas mixture of BCl3 and B2H4.
2.Hydrothermal Synthesis
Water is used as a reaction medium to dissolve insoluble and insoluble substances in an autoclave environment of high temperature and high pressure. The reaction can be recrystallized. It is also carried out within a sealed container, which prevents the volatilization. This method is used at low temperatures to synthesize cubic Boron Nitride.
3.Benzene Thermal Synthesis
Benzene thermal synthesis, which is a new method for synthesis of nanomaterials at low temperatures that emerged in the last few years, has been widely praised. The conjugated structure of benzene makes it an ideal solvent for solvothermal syntheses. It has been successfully developed in recent years into benzene thermo synthesis technology.
4.Self propagating technology
The energy needed from outside is used to initiate high exothermic reactions. The system then reacts locally, forming a chemical reaction wave (combustion front). The chemical reactions are accelerated with its own heat and spread across the system. It is an inorganic method that has been around for a long time. However, this particular method was used to synthesize boron oxide only in the last few years.
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a global chemical material manufacturer and supplier with over 12 year’s experience in providing high quality chemicals and nanomaterials. The boron nitride Please note that the products produced by our company are of high purity and have low impurity. Please. Contact Us if necessary.
Wentorf created cubic BN first in 1957. Pure hexagonal boron nitride can be directly converted into cubic boron nitride when the temperature is near or above 1700degC, and the pressure is between 11-12 GPa. The use of a catalyst can reduce both the transition pressure and temperature. The most common catalysts include alkali metals and alkaline nitrides. Ammonium borate is the least expensive catalyst, but also requires the lowest pressure and temperature. At 1500, the required pressure is 6GPa and the temperature range 600700. Although the addition of catalysts can significantly reduce the temperature and pressure required for the transition, they are still quite high. The preparation equipment for this catalyst is complex and expensive, and the industrial applications are limited.
Several methods of preparation for Boron Nitride
1.Chemical vapor synthesis
Sokolowski was the first to use pulsed-plasma technology in 1979 for the preparation of cubic boron (CBN), at low temperature, and under low pressure. Equipment is easy to use and the process simple, so this technology has been rapidly developed. There are many vapor deposition techniques. In the past, it was mainly thermal chemical vapour deposition. The experimental device generally consists of heat-resistant quartz tubes and heating devices. The substrate may be heated using a heating furnace or by high-frequency electromagnetic induction (cold-wall PVD). The reaction gases decompose on the surface the substrate at high temperatures, while a chemical reactions occurs to deposit film. The reaction is a gas mixture of BCl3 and B2H4.
2.Hydrothermal Synthesis
Water is used as a reaction medium to dissolve insoluble and insoluble substances in an autoclave environment of high temperature and high pressure. The reaction can be recrystallized. It is also carried out within a sealed container, which prevents the volatilization. This method is used at low temperatures to synthesize cubic Boron Nitride.
3.Benzene Thermal Synthesis
Benzene thermal synthesis, which is a new method for synthesis of nanomaterials at low temperatures that emerged in the last few years, has been widely praised. The conjugated structure of benzene makes it an ideal solvent for solvothermal syntheses. It has been successfully developed in recent years into benzene thermo synthesis technology.
BCl3+Li3N-BN+3LiCl
BBr3+Li3N-BN+3LiBr
The reaction temperature for this technology is only 450degC. A metastable phase can be created only in extreme conditions of low pressure and temperature, and it can only exist at ultra-high pressure. This method is able to produce cubic boron at low pressure and temperature. The method is still under experimental research and has great application potential.
BBr3+Li3N-BN+3LiBr
4.Self propagating technology
The energy needed from outside is used to initiate high exothermic reactions. The system then reacts locally, forming a chemical reaction wave (combustion front). The chemical reactions are accelerated with its own heat and spread across the system. It is an inorganic method that has been around for a long time. However, this particular method was used to synthesize boron oxide only in the last few years.
(aka. Technology Co. Ltd., a global chemical material manufacturer and supplier with over 12 year’s experience in providing high quality chemicals and nanomaterials. The boron nitride Please note that the products produced by our company are of high purity and have low impurity. Please. Contact Us if necessary.