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Are carbon nanotubes graphene?
Both graphene, and carbon nanotubes, are made from carbon atoms. Graphene is a one-layer graphite layer, the most fundamental structural unit of graphite. Carbon nanotubes are made by curling graphene. Carbon nanotubes, which are made up of hexagonal tubes of several tens layers of carbon atoms, are formed by arranging the atoms in hexagons. Carbon nanotubes look like graphene (a hexagonal lattice made of carbon) that has been rolled into cylindrical form. Both graphene (a hexagonal lattice of carbon) and carbon nanotubes are characterized by extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties.

Research on carbon nanotubes, as it stands, has reached a certain depth in terms of technology for preparation, performance characterization, and application exploration. Due to their close relationship, both research methods and composition are very similar. Carbon nanotube research was the original inspiration for many graphene-related research methods.

What is different between graphene (carbon nanotubes) and carbon nanotubes

Graphene, a two-dimensional substance, is a layer graphite with carbon atoms arranged hexagonally in a honeycomb lattice. Carbon nanotubes consist of hollow cylindrical structures. They are basically a graphene layer rolled into an cylinder. Both are representative of two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D) as well as one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D).

From a structural perspective, carbon nanotubes represent a carbon crystal with a one dimensional structure. Graphene, on the other hand, is made up of just a single carbon layer and is a two dimensional crystal.

From the point of view of performance, graphene exhibits properties that are comparable or superior to those found in carbon nanotubes. These include high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity; high carrier mobility; free-electron space and high strength and rigidity.

Graphene, a two-dimensional crystalline material composed of carbon molecules that are exfoliated out of graphite materials, can be divided according to the number layers. The single-walled carbon Nanotubes are also available. Layer graphene or graphene microplatelets.

Is graphene better than carbon nanotubes in terms of strength?

Both graphite and carbon nanotubes are graphite in essence. But the arrangement and combinations of carbon atoms differ, creating spiral carbon nanotubes or sheet-shaped graphene. They both share some graphite characteristics.
Graphene, or any other nanofiller known to science, is superior in the long-term to carbon nanotubes and other nanofillers at transferring their extraordinary mechanical properties into the host material. Although graphene has achieved similar results to carbon nanotubes in the current research. In the long term, however, its unique two-dimensional shape and application have greater advantages for becoming “next generation semiconductor material”.

Graphene and carbon-nanotubes may have had a similar past, but they will likely have a very different future. The dispute between two-dimensional and three-dimensional material is the primary cause. Nanowires, nanotubes, and thin-film materials are at a competitive disadvantage with each other. As an example, carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes can be considered as single crystals with high aspect ratios. The current synthesis technology and assembly techniques cannot create carbon nanotubes of macroscopic size, which is why the use of nanotubes for carbon applications is limited. The graphene structure is two-dimensional and has several properties that are unmatched (strength), electrical conductivity, and heat conduction. It can also grow in an area of a great deal. Combining bottom-up with top-down can lead to exciting future applications.

How is graphene transformed into carbon nanotubes

For carbon nanotubes to be formed, graphene and the carbon atoms are manipulated into a thin plate that is then rolled into an cylinder. The graphene sheets that are used to produce nanotubes have a two-dimensional structure because graphene has only one atom thickness.
New graphene and carbon nanotube catalyst can ignite a clean-energy revolution

Researchers have developed promising graphene/carbon nanotube catalysers to better control chemical reactions important for the production of hydrogen fuel.

Fuel cells, water electrolyzers and fuel cells that are efficient and cheap will be at the core of a hydrogen economy. This is one the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels. The electrocatalysts that are used in these devices make them work. Developing low-cost, efficient catalysts will be crucial for making hydrogen fuel a viable option. Researchers from Aalto University created a new kind of catalyst material for these technologies.

The team, in collaboration with CNRS, created a graphene-carbon-nanotube hybrid that is highly porous and contains single atoms known to act as good catalysts. Carbon nanotubes are allotropes, or two-dimensional and three-dimensional versions of carbon that are each one-atom thick. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are more popular than traditional materials in the industry and academia due to their exceptional performance. The world has shown great interest. They developed an easy and scalable way to grow all these nanomaterials together and combine their properties into a single product.

The catalyst is typically deposited onto the substrate. Normally, researchers ignore the role that the substrate has in the final reaction of the catalyst. But, with this new type, they found out that it plays a significant role in its efficiency. The researchers discovered that the porous nature of the material allowed it to access more catalyst sites located at the interface between the substrate and the material. The researchers developed a new electrochemical microscopy analysis method to determine how the interface contributed to the catalytic process and to produce the most potent catalyst. They hope their research on how the matrix influences the catalytic activities of porous material will provide the basis for rational design and guidance for future electrochemical energy devices.

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