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titanium iv sulfide is yellow or gray crystalline powder that has an unpleasant odor. It is moderately acid soluble and slightly water soluble. It is used as a solid lubricant and in cathode materials for rechargeable batteries. It also is used in corrosion resistance alloys, light bulbs, and bone pins. It is toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption.
Titanium disulfide is one of the group IV transition metal dichalcogenides and has a structure of two layers of titanium atoms covalently bonded to sulfur atoms. It crystallizes in the octahedral (1T) phase which is more energetically stable than its hexagonal (2H) counterpart. Titanium disulfide can be readily prepared as single-layer sheets and nanoparticles using chemical exfoliation methods and mechanical deformation. It has excellent conductivity properties and a high level of transparency.
It is the lightest and lowest-cost of the Group IV chalcogenides, with an energy density comparable to that of lithium batteries. Its promise as a battery cathode material was realized when it was discovered that the intercalation of lithium ions into the layered titanium disulfide is reversible, making the battery rechargeable.
The intercalation process is driven by the weak van der waals interactions between titanium atoms in the octahedral layer and sulfur atoms in the plane layer. It is an ideal non-stoichiometric compound with a formula of LixTiS2, where x ranges from 0 to 1. It is highly reversible, with the rate of intercalation and deintercalation determined by the ratio of the open shell dianion Ti4+ to the closed shell dianion S2